影响非禽源外源病毒检验的主要因素

本文以《中华人民共和国兽药典》2015版三部非禽源外源病毒检验方法为依据,总结了检测过程中细胞状态、样品处理、接种与继代培养、荧光抗体检查等对外源病毒检验的影响,为企业提高外源病毒检验的准确度和检出率提供参考。     

水匮乏指数在区域水安全评价中的应用

针对水安全问题,以农垦红兴隆分局为例,采用水匮乏指数和样本均值-标准差分级法对红兴隆分局下属12个农场2006年的水安全状况进行了评价和分级,并根据分级结果提出了相应的对策。结果表明,八五三和红旗岭农场的WPI值处于安全状态,水安全状况最为乐观;饶河农场的WPI值处于较高安全状态,水安全状况较好;友谊、五九七、八五二、二九一和江川农场的WPI值处于中等安全状态,水安全保障体系有待于进一步加强;北兴农场的WPI值处于较低安全状态,水安全状况较差;而双鸭山、曙光和宝山农场的WPI值处于不安全状态,水安全状况最差。     

绵羊食道瘘管法和人工模拟法采集的草地牧草营养成分动态的比较研究

高山草原 7、8、10月和 1月放牧绵羊食道瘘管牧草样品和人工模拟采集牧草样品无论在粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗灰分含量 ,还是干物质消化率方面 ,2种方法所采集牧草营养成分存在较大差异。具体表现为食道瘘管样品粗蛋白质和粗灰分含量高于人工模拟样品 ,二者最大差值分别为 6 .2 2 %和11.18% ,而粗纤维含量则低于人工模拟样品 ,最大差值为 4 .80 % ,2种方法采集牧草干物质消化率食道瘘管样也高于人工模拟样 ,二者最大差值为 7.74 %。试验表明 ,人工模拟法采集牧草样本尤其在本区黄草期 (10月 )不能真正代表放牧绵羊实际食入的牧草营养成分 ,但是在草地枯草期的 1月、二者的差值有减少的趋势。在本区放牧生态研究中牧草采样应以食道瘘管法为首选。     

油松毛虫卵（块）和蛹种群简单随机抽样最适样方大小的确定方法

在种群空间格局的研究的基础上，采用７种方法对同松毛虫卵（块）和蛹种群简单随机抽样技术中最适样方大小的确定问题进行了研究，结果表明，无论是卵（块）抑或蛹种群，都是在ｕ＝１时抽样误差最低，即以单株油松为样方时最为适宜，此外，文中还列出了考虑抽样花费时确定最适样方式大小的各种方法，并讨论了有关问题。     

Evaluation of sampling methods and assessment of the sample size to estimate the weed seedbank in soil, taking into account spatial variability

As field sampling is time consuming, it is necessary to develop efficient sampling techniques to obtain accurate estimates of the weed seedbank in soil. The relative efficiency between sampling schemes depends on the spatial variability in weed seed density across agricultural fields. Spatial variability of the weed seed density was characterized by theoretical correlograms. A systematic sampling (square grill) scheme was considered and it was found that, taking into account spatial variability, this sampling scheme was more efficient than simple random sampling. As a result, the sample size can be reduced in comparison with that given in previous studies, where spatial correlation was ignored. The reduction depends on the correlation structure defined as a function of the ratio, τ, between the nugget effect and the sill of the variogram. The maximum reduction of the sample size, without loss of either precision or confidence level corresponds to the case where there is no nugget effect, τ = 0. The opposite extreme case, where the reduction is nil, corresponds to the case of a pure nugget effect τ = 1. The abaci based on given expressions are provided to determine the sample size in species whose spatial pattern can be fitted either to a Poisson or to a negative binomial distribution.     

Plasma endotoxin concentration in horses: a methods study

Background: Accurate determination of plasma endotoxin concentration is critical for ex vivo and in vitro cellular and molecular studies of endotoxemia in horses. However, reports are conflicting with respect to anticoagulant, handling, and sample preparation.

Objective:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood sample fraction and handling time on measurement of endotoxin concentration in horses.

Methods:

Methods: Whole blood, anticoagulated with 3.8% (0.12 M) sodium citrate (9:1), was collected from 5 healthy horses. Whole blood (WB), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were spiked with endotoxin (2 EU/mL). Endotoxin-spiked WB samples were centrifuged immediately to generate PRP for measurement. Endotoxin concentration was subsequently measured by Limulus amebocyte assay at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Assays were performed in triplicate and results were analyzed using Student's t -test, with significance set at P < .05.

Results:

Results: Mean endotoxin concentrations in 2 EU/mL-spiked WB were significantly different from those in PPP at all time points tested. Recovery of endotoxin in PRP generated from WB was significantly diminished after just 15 minutes.

Conclusion:

Conclusion: PRP generated from WB is significantly more reliable than PPP in determining endotoxin concentration ex vivo. Measurement of endotoxin in PRP generated from WB was significantly diminished after 15 min, identifying a time frame within which to process blood samples for endotoxin analysis.     

Temporal effects of 3 commonly used anticoagulants on hematologic and biochemical variables in blood samples from macaws and Burmese pythons

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been done to evaluate anticoagulants for use with blood samples from birds and reptiles. Heparin currently is the most commonly used anticoagulant in practice, but may adversely affect blood cell staining and quantitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lithium heparin, K3-EDTA, and sodium citrate, with and without the addition of albumin, on hematologic variables in macaw (Ara sp) and python (Python molurus bivittatus) blood samples. METHODS: Blood samples from 10 macaws and 10 Burmese pythons were collected in heparin-coated syringes and placed into tubes containing either lithium heparin, K3-EDTA, or sodium citrate with and without the addition of 0.25 mL of a 22% bovine serum albumin solution. Cell lysis was determined by counting the number of lysed cells/200 WBCs in Wright's-Giemsa-stained blood smears and by qualitative evaluation of pink plasma in microhematocrit tubes. A CBC was done after 3, 12, and 24 hours of storage at 4 degrees C in anticoagulant-containing tubes and results were compared with those obtained at 0 hour for the heparin-coated syringe sample. A biochemical panel also was done at each time point in similarly stored lithium-heparin samples. RESULTS: Hemolysis was significantly increased in citrated samples from both macaws and pythons beginning at 12 hours. At 24 hours, 19 of 30 (63%) macaw samples in all anticoagulants had >100 lysed cells/200 WBCs. There were no significant differences in hematologic values in samples from pythons collected in heparin or EDTA at any time point. No significant differences were found in the number of lysed cells or in other hematologic data in samples with albumin. Glucose concentration decreased and potassium concentration increased significantly over time in heparinized blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this study, whole blood samples anticoagulated with lithium heparin or EDTA should be evaluated within 12 hours (macaws) or 24 hours (pythons) of collection and stored at 4 degrees C for best results. Citrate should be avoided as it may result in increased cell lysis. The addition of albumin does not prevent cell lysis.     

宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻空间分布型的研究及其应用

应用3种检验分布型的方法分别检验了宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻的分布型。结果表明：宽须蚁蝗蝗蝻在草地上的空间分型呈聚集分布,其聚集强度随种群的密度的升高而增加,应用Iwao模型中的参数估计了田间调查时的最适抽样数。     

Antimicrobial effects of black rice extract on Helicobacter pylori infection in Mongolian gerbil

It has been reported that cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) is an inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori toxin secretion. C3G is classified as an anthocyanin and is a major component of black rice extract (BRE). The present study aimed to identify a new functional food material to prevent H. pylori infection in Mongolian gerbil model. Toxicity in the liver and kidney were not detected after BRE administration (10 or 50 mg/kg). BRE treatment reduced bacterial colonization in animal gastric tissue, as well as infection signs as observed on the analysis of the hematological data. It was also found that the relative mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines were reduced in BRE-treated groups. These findings suggest that BRE acts as a potent inhibitor of H. pylori infection and pathogenesis in Mongolian gerbils. We propose that BRE may be used to manage gastroduodenal diseases caused by H. pylori infection.